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1. |
People who have unilateral neglect syndrome: |
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A) |
were raised by uncaring parents such that they pay very little attention even to their own needs (e.g., hygiene). |
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B) |
ignore all inputs coming from one side of the body. |
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C) |
temporarily forget who and where they are, often ignoring simple and even critical life responsibilities. |
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D) |
are unable to care for themselves or others. |
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2. |
Wundt would make use of special research designs called ________ which involved processes from multiple senses at the same time (e.g., seeing and hearing). |
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A) |
complication experiments |
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B) |
multisensory task analyses |
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C) |
multiple regression studies |
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D) |
None of the above. |
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3. |
According to Titchener, when two events occur simultaneously, the event attended to will be perceived as having occurred before the event not attended to directly. This was called: |
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A) |
the sensory process bias. |
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B) |
the Cocktail Party effect. |
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C) |
dichotic listening. |
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D) |
the law of prior entry. |
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4. |
Cherry (1953) had participants listen to two different messages at the same time (a different message presented to each ear simultaneously). When participants were required to repeat aloud a message from one ear, how much of the message from the other ear was later recalled? |
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A) |
none of it. |
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B) |
some of it, but it didn't make much sense. |
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C) |
participants believed they were recalling the information correctly, but it was completely made up. |
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D) |
all of it, as long as it was presented in the same voice as what was presented in the ear they were initially repeating aloud. |
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5. |
The finding that people fail to see a prominent stimulus, even though they are staring directly at it, is called: |
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A) |
change blindness. |
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B) |
retinal fading. |
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C) |
inattentional blindness. |
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D) |
the Troxler effect. |
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6. |
In a study where a person approached pedestrians on a college campus and asked for directions, it was shown that only about half of participants even noticed when the person was switched out with a totally different looking person. Pedestrians continued their conversation with the new person, seemingly unaware that the person wasn't the same one who had just been talking with them. This phenomenon is an example of: |
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A) |
change blindness. |
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B) |
retinal fading. |
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C) |
inattentional blindness. |
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D) |
the Troxler effect. |
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7. |
Broadbent's filter theory of attention is considered an early selection model because: |
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A) |
what a person allows into consciousness is privileged from the start, so that unattended inputs receive little analysis and therefore will not be perceived. |
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B) |
features of the incoming information are processed before assembling them into objects (e.g., features of a chair before the conceept of chair, or, letters before words, etc.) rather than breaking objects down into features at a later stage.. |
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C) |
there were historically too few other models to choose from at the time (i.e., as more and more theories developed, psychologists had to classify them into early vs. late models). |
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D) |
well, actually it is a late selection model. This was a trick question! |
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8. |
Triesman's filter attenuation model argues that a modification to the Broadbent model was needed. She proposed that the filter of attention: |
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A) |
only operates the way Broadbent said it did for auditory, but not visual stimuli. |
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B) |
should take into account the fact that only male soldiers were used in his study, and that females doing the same task actually perform differently. |
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C) |
weakens rather than blocks information coming in and that words are stored in memory with unique activation thresholds. |
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D) |
All of the above. |
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9. |
Posner and Snyder (1975) performed a study using pairs of letters along with high-valid and low-valid cues. What they found was that there was a benefit associated with ________ and ________ primes. |
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A) |
unexpected; novel |
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B) |
stimulus-based; high-valid |
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C) |
high-valid; unexpected |
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D) |
low-valid; stimulus-based |
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10. |
In the Posner and Snyder (1975) study using pairs of letters along with high-valid and low-valid cues, the researchers found a cost in performance on trials with: |
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A) |
words, but not letters. |
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B) |
letters, but not words. |
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C) |
low-valid primes that were misleading. |
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D) |
high-valid primes that were misleading. |
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11. |
A common metaphor about attention is that it functions like a: |
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A) |
bloodhound. |
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B) |
sprinkler system. |
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C) |
computer. |
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D) |
spotlight. |
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12. |
The Stroop task is an example of: |
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A) |
the difficulty people have in remembering the names of colors. |
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B) |
how attention is able to focus on color, or reading, but not both at the same time. |
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C) |
the finding that effortful tasks like reading can become automated (no loinger under our direct control). |
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D) |
one of the strange and unexplainable phenomena associated with human cognition. |
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13. |
Research on attention has shown that it can be: |
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A) |
both spatially-based as well as object-based. |
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B) |
too difficult to determine anything worthwhile. |
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C) |
improved with practice (e.g., people scanning luggage with x-ray machines get better at identifying any potential threat better and better with practice). |
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D) |
All of the above. |