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1. |
Solomon Shereshevsky had virtually flawless memory retention. As a result of never forgetting anything, Shereshevsky: |
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A) |
was so aware of the literal forms of his memories that he could not recall their deeper meanings. |
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B) |
had difficulty recognizing faces because he was so aware of changes in a face from one view to another. |
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C) |
was frequently so distracted by the details of his own memories that abstract thinking was nearly impossible. |
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D) |
All of the above. |
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2. |
Wittgenstein proposed that members of a category can share some common (characteristic) features and nonetheless have no defining features, he called this idea: |
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A) |
exact feature matching. |
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B) |
family resemblance. |
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C) |
similarity through association. |
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D) |
a typicality effect. |
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3. |
According to ________, the best way to identify a category is to specify the "center" of the category, rather than the boundaries. |
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A) |
prototype theory |
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B) |
exemplar theory |
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C) |
association theory |
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D) |
frequency theory |
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4. |
When membership in a category isn’t a simple "yes or no" decision, but rather a matter of "more" or "less," we would call it: |
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A) |
a schema-based category. |
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B) |
a graded membership. |
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C) |
an all-or-none membership. |
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D) |
an ill-defined category. |
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5. |
The observation that people will rate some members of a category as better or worse examples of that category is called: |
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A) |
the exemplar effect. |
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B) |
the prototype effect. |
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C) |
a typicality effect. |
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D) |
a response bias. |
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6. |
When presented with a photograph of a hammer, a person could correctly refer to the image as a tool, a hammer, or a joiner's mallet. We would refer to the label "hammer" as best representing the ________ category of the object. |
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A) |
entry-level |
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B) |
subordinate-level |
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C) |
basic-level |
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D) |
superordinate-level |
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7. |
When presented with a photograph of a violin, a person could correctly refer to the image as a musical instrument, a violin, or a country fiddle. We would refer to the label "country fiddle" as best representing the ________ category of the object. |
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A) |
entry-level |
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B) |
subordinate-level |
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C) |
basic-level |
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D) |
superordinate-level |
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8. |
When presented with a photograph of a rifle, a person could correctly refer to the image as a weapon, an assault rifle, or an AK-47. We would refer to the label "weapon" as best representing the ________ category of the object. |
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A) |
entry-level |
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B) |
subordinate-level |
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C) |
basic-level |
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D) |
superordinate-level |
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9. |
When presented with a photograph of a piece of candy, a person could correctly refer to the image as a candy, a hard candy, or a Jawbreaker. We would refer to the label "food" as best representing the ________ category of the object. |
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A) |
entry-level |
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B) |
subordinate-level |
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C) |
basic-level |
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D) |
superordinate-level |
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10. |
According to ________, we can identify the category within which an object belongs based on how similar it is to a stored memory of an actual remembered object. |
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A) |
prototype theory |
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B) |
exemplar theory |
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C) |
association theory |
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D) |
frequency theory |
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11. |
Research shows that people reason differently about naturally occurring items like raccoons and manufactured items like coffeepots. This is supported by the finding that: |
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A) |
toasters could be modified to become coffee pots, but skunks could never be modified into becoming raccoons. |
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B) |
toasters could never be modified to become coffee pots, but skunks could modified into becoming raccoons. |
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C) |
toasters could be modified to become racoons, but skunks could never be modified into becoming coffee pots. |
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D) |
coffeepots are so well known that modifications seem obvious, whereas raccons are less well known, so only well known animals like cats could be modified into skunks. |