Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Directions:
Select the BEST response alternative for each of the questions below.

	1.	When you draw a wrong conclusion due to your cognitive/motivational biases, it is because you relied too heavily on:
		A)	logic.
		B)	tenacity.
		C)	authority.
		D)	intuition.
	2.	It is not uncommon for people to accept without question anything they learn from government officials or religious figures. This reflects to heavy a reliance on:
		A)	skepticism.
		B)	authority.
		C)	intuition.
		D)	tenacity.
	3.	When we come to accept knowledge that was derived from direct and systematic observations, we are essentially relying on:
		A)	fanaticism.
		B)	didacticism.
		C)	empiricism.
		D)	skepticism.
		E)	All of the above.
	4.	When you see a study in a top-tier journal, it was first evaluated by experts in the field. This is what is meant by:
		A)	peer-review.
		B)	the adversarial nature of science.
		C)	the falsifiability criterion.
		D)	scientists are never alone.
	5.	Some claims use the language of science yet have no scientific basis. Such claims should be classified as:
		A)	parapsychology.
		B)	antiscience.
		C)	prescience.
		D)	pseudoscience.
	6.	The four goals of scientific research on behavior are to describe, ________, determine, and ________ behavior.
		A)	prescribe; eliminate
		B)	predict; explain the causes of
		C)	analyze; establish the effects of
		D)	understand; modify
	7.	To conclude that playing war-based video games results in aggressive behavior among high schoolers, researchers must show that high schoolers who play war-based video games behave aggressively and that high schoolers who don't play such video games do not behave aggressively. This is called:
		A)	elimination of alternative explanations.
		B)	covariation of cause and effect.
		C)	temporal precedence.
		D)	illusory correlation.
		E)	None of the above.
	8.	To identify the causes of a behavior, there are three types of evidence needed: (1) Temporal precedence, (2) Covariation of cause and effect, and (3) ________.
		A)	elimination of alternative explanations.
		B)	construct validity.
		C)	internal consistency reliability.
		D)	falsifiability.
	9.	Although we use the terms "basic" and "applied" research, in truth:
		A)	applied research answers fundamental questions about behavior that basic research never will.
		B)	the distinction between them is best viewed as a continuum rather than discrete differences.
		C)	applied research is widly considered to be the superior approach.
		D)	basic research studies are only possible due to what was learned using applied research outcomes.
	10.	When we use science to acquire knowledge we should NOT rely solely upon:
		A)	observation.
		B)	theoretical explanation.
		C)	tenacity and intuition.
		D)	evaluation and interpretation.
		E)	None of the above - ALL are relied upon in the scientific acquisition of knowledge.
	11.	A researcher observed that a certain grade school has a high rate of obesity among its students. She conducts a study to determine if the students would increase their levels of activity if a skateboard park were built on the school grounds. This type of research is best described as:
		A)	applied research.
		B)	replication research.
		C)	non-empirical research.
		D)	basic research.
	12.	When we rely on habit or superstition as a method of knowing, we are relying on:
		A)	authority.
		B)	empiricism.
		C)	tenacity.
		D)	logic.

Your score out of 100%: %

The correct answers are marked by a "C" in the box before each question. The incorrect questions are marked by an "X".