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1. |
When we talk about the consistency or stability of a measure, we are talking about: |
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A) |
validity. |
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B) |
reliability. |
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C) |
reactivity. |
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D) |
confounds. |
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2. |
A good way to increase the ________ of a research study is to increase the number of appropriate test items in the survey used. |
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A) |
predictivity |
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B) |
reliability |
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C) |
reactivity |
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D) |
All of the above. |
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3. |
A correlation coefficient of +0.47, when using a Pearson product-moment correlation, shows that the two variables are: |
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A) |
positively related. |
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B) |
negatively related. |
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C) |
not related. |
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D) |
strongly related. |
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4. |
With regard to a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, the closer a correlation coefficient is to -1.00, the ________ the relationship between the two variables. |
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A) |
more indirect |
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B) |
weaker |
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C) |
more subtle |
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D) |
stronger |
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5. |
One disadvantage of trying to establish alternate forms reliability is that: |
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A) |
the reliability of the test is low because the same test is given to different individuals. |
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B) |
it employs different raters to assess the performance of an individual in different tests. |
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C) |
it assesses reliability by measuring individuals at only one point in time. |
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D) |
creating a second equivalent measure may take considerable time and effort. |
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6. |
If you measure the same individual at two points in time, you are checking for ________ reliability. |
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A) |
test-retest |
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B) |
interrater |
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C) |
alternate forms |
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D) |
split-half |
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7. |
Researchers use split-half reliability to assess: |
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A) |
curvilinear relationships. |
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B) |
discriminant validity. |
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C) |
internal consistency. |
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D) |
convergent validity. |
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8. |
Alice and Fiona are foodies who write restaurant reviews for a popular website. After trying the same new restaurant, they both rate 5 stars for their meals. Based on their ratings, it is safe to conclude that in this example there is: |
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A) |
high test-retest reliability. |
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B) |
high interrater reliability. |
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C) |
low reactivity. |
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D) |
low convergent validity. |
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9. |
Which of the following is true of the concept of face validity? |
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A) |
It can only be used with living participants (i.e., those with faces). |
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B) |
It is not considered to be particularly sophisticated. |
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C) |
It is the best method to establish that a measure is valid. |
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D) |
It is used to describe the same thing as content validity. |
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10. |
Which of the following statements most accurately differentiates face validity from discriminant validity? |
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A) |
Face validity: The measure appears to measure what it is supposed to measure. Discriminant validity: The measure isn't related to any variables it should not be related to. |
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B) |
Face validity: Scores predict behavior on criteria measured later. Discriminant validity: Scores are related to criteria measured concurrently. |
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C) |
Face validity: Scores are related to other measures of the same construct. Discriminant validity: The measure is linked to everything that defines the construct. |
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D) |
Face validity: Scores are based on the facial reactions of the participants. Discriminant validity: Scores are derived from procedures that treat participants unequally. |
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11. |
Content validity and face validity are similar in that both: |
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A) |
focus on scores that are unrelated to other measures when they are theoretically different. |
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B) |
focus on measures that are related to other measures of the same construct. |
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C) |
focus on assessing how well a measure reflects the meaning of the construct being measured. |
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D) |
are important to determine how well measures improve researchers' predictions. |
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12. |
Rick finds that his shyness score has a high correlation with his score on introversion. In the context of construct validity, this is an example of: |
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A) |
convergent validity. |
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B) |
discriminant validity. |
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C) |
face validity. |
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D) |
predictive validity. |
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E) |
All of the above. |
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13. |
Sigmund has developed a measure of a person's ability to notice subtle changes to a photo. He finds that scores on his test are not related to a person's ability to perform math in their head (i.e., an unrelated construct). This is an example of: |
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A) |
convergent validity. |
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B) |
discriminant validity. |
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C) |
face validity. |
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D) |
concurrent validity. |
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14. |
Reactivity can be reduced by: |
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A) |
testing participants as quickly as possible. |
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B) |
giving participants a chance to become used to being observed. |
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C) |
using tests that take a very long time to measure. |
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D) |
recording outcomes directly rather than remotely. |
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E) |
All of the above. |
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15. |
Categorizing people as either Coke drinkers or Pepsi drinkers is an example of using ________ scale. |
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A) |
a ratio |
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B) |
an ordinal |
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C) |
an interval |
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D) |
a nominal |
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16. |
A sorority rates their pledges according to a number of characteristics (height, weight, beauty, charm, GPA, etc.). Each pledge is given a rating of up to 5 stars (5 = excellence in all categories, 0 = minimal excellence in the categories). This is an example of using ________ scale. |
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A) |
a nominal |
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B) |
an ordinal |
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C) |
an interval |
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D) |
a ratio |
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17. |
When a researcher measures the amount (in ounces) of food each participant eats at a buffet, she is using ________ scale of measurement. |
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A) |
a nominal |
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B) |
an ordinal |
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C) |
an interval |
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D) |
a ratio |