CHAPTER04-QUIZ

Directions:
Select the BEST response alternative for each of the questions below.


1. What makes up a conspiracy theory?
A) Lack of evidence.
B) Less plausible than alternatives.
C) Can be proved.
D) Both (a) and (b).
E) Both (b) and (c).
2. Types of group think:
A) Group overestimation, open-mindedness, and individuality.
B) Open-mindedness, pressure towards uniformity, and group illusions.
C) Pressure towards non-conformity, open-mindedness, and group overestimation.
D) Group overestimation, pressure towards uniformity, and closed mindedness.
3. Conspiracy theories can be true:
A) True
B) False
4. What is it called when scientists and scientific journals tend to submit and publish positive results but discard null or negative results?
A) The Shoe-Horn Effect.
B) A Journalistic Bias.
C) The Wardrobe Willingness Effect.
D) A Publication Bias.
5. Rob Brotherton suggests that questionable conspiracy theories ________ evidence.
A) have an over-abundance of
B) lack
C) suggest
D) go beyond
6. What symptom of groupthink is when group members fail to note dangers and display excessive and risk optimism?
A) Pressure for conformity.
B) Mindguards.
C) Illusion of invulnerability.
D) Illusion of morality.
7. Testimonials and Anecdotal Evidence are:
A) Unreliable.
B) Reliable.
C) Biased.
D) Unbiased.
E) Both (a) and (c).
8. When the desire for harmony or conformity impairs thinking and decision-making:
A) Groupthink.
B) Group Effect.
C) Group-Stagnancy.
D) All of the Above.
E) None of the Above.
9. An attempt to explain big adverse events in terms of secret plots by powerful people is:
A) A Conspiracy Theory.
B) An Authority Bias.
C) a Lack-of-Authority Bias.
D) The Theory of Globalized Interaction.
E) All of the above.
10. An example of a source would be:
A) An expert.
B) A testimonial.
C) Mass Media.
D) Ancient Wisdom.
E) All of the above.
11. What does the author of our textbook consider to be one of the worst sources?
A) BBC network.
B) Magazines.
C) Animal documentaries.
D) Paranormal documentaries.
12. What does conspiracy minded mean?
A) That one takes up their time coming up with conspiracies.
B) Prone to believe in conspiracies for everything.
C) People who believe in psychological conspiracies only.
D) People who do not believe in conspiracies at all.
13. What are the two categories of type-2 symptoms of groupthink?
A) Illusion of invulnerability, and illusion of morality.
B) Illusion of unanimity, and mind guards.
C) Collective rationalization, and excessive stereotyping.
D) Self-censorship, and pressure for conformity.
14. What is NOT a reason that a conspiracy theory is questionable?
A) Lacks evidence.
B) Are sensational.
C) Are beyond disproof.
D) All of the above are acceptable reasons.
15. When it comes to accepting or rejecting paranormal and conspiracy claims, it is important to question the ideas of:
A) Ancient wisdom.
B) Testimonials of sources you know personally.
C) Mass media and the internet.
D) Common consensus.
E) All of the above.
16. A person is likely to believe a new conspiracy theory if:
A) most people they know also believe the theory.
B) most people they know do not believe the theory.
C) they already believe in other conspiracy theories.
D) they do not believe in any other conspiracy theories.
17. Why can groupthink be unreliable?
A) Excessive stereotyping.
B) Pressure to conform.
C) Illusion of invulnerability.
D) All of the above.
18. Why are testimonials often unreliable sources?
A) They are ancient ideas of modern concepts.
B) They all include surveys that are often not accurate because people lie when taking surveys.
C) They are prone to contamination by beliefs, later experiences, feedback, and selective attention to detail.
D) They always involve conspiracy theories.
19. Which of the following does NOT qualify as a conspiracy theory today (any more)?
A) The US government created AIDS.
B) NASA faked the Moon landing using elaborate Hollywood sets.
C) The British government murdered Princess Diana.
D) None of the above.
20. The file drawer effect is:
A) scientists discard null or negative results rather than reporting them or submitting them for publication.
B) newspapers publishing old article excerpts and findings that are no longer true.
C) scientists replacing files with false information to create uproar in the field and attention to themselves.
D) researchers plagiarizing information knowingly in order to get the work published as their own.
21. The best protection for establishing the validity of research results is:
A) replication.
B) someone of authority verifying it with their professional opinion.
C) groupthink.
D) verified testimonials and anecdotal evidence.
E) All of the above.
22. Which of the following is true about ancient wisdom?
A) It is all true.
B) Just because it is old and well known does not mean it is true.
C) None of it should be believed.
D) Both (b) and (c).
23. What is one of the conspiracy theories that the book talks about?
A) The British government murdered Princess Diana.
B) The U.S. government invented Santa and the Easter Bunny.
C) The world is flat.
D) All of the above.


End of Quiz!

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