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1. |
Which of these is not a general attribute of informal fallacy? |
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A) |
Irrelevant. |
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B) |
Ambiguous. |
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C) |
Made up. |
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D) |
Insufficient. |
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2. |
Which emotion often leads to errors (part of logical fallacies): |
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A) |
Anger. |
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B) |
Sadness. |
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C) |
Pride. |
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D) |
Confusion. |
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3. |
Which form follows correctly from: If A is true, then B is true: |
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A) |
A is true therefore B is true. |
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B) |
B is true therefor A is true. |
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C) |
All of the above. |
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D) |
None of the above. |
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4. |
What is not one of the four big informal logical fallacies? |
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A) |
Emotion. |
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B) |
Ignorance. |
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C) |
Instinct. |
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D) |
Selection. |
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5. |
Which is part of an insufficient argument? |
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A) |
Relevancy to the conclusion. |
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B) |
Irrelevancy to the conclusion. |
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C) |
Proof of the conclusion's accuracy. |
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6. |
Whenever you affirm your consequent, have you proven something? |
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A) |
No, there still could be alternative explanations. |
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B) |
Yes, you proved your conclusion is right. |
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7. |
A valid argument affirms the consequent: |
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A) |
True |
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B) |
False |
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8. |
Which one of the following is not one of the four informal logical fallacies groups? |
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A) |
Ignorance. |
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B) |
Selection. |
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C) |
Cherry-picking. |
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D) |
Emotion. |
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9. |
What are the two types of logical arguments? |
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A) |
Informal and Formal. |
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B) |
Direct and Indirect. |
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C) |
Incisive and Decisive. |
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D) |
Deductive and Inductive. |
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E) |
All of the above. |
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10. |
What does insufficient premise mean? |
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A) |
They are unclear or confusing. |
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B) |
They may be true, but are irrelevant to the conclusion. |
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C) |
They are presumed to be correct but in fact are not. |
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D) |
They might be relevant, but they are inadequate. |
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11. |
What type of argument best describes the following: Premise: All men are mortal. Premise: Socrates is a man. Therefore... Conclusion: Socrates is mortal. |
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A) |
Inductive. |
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B) |
Deductive. |
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C) |
Ambiguous. |
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D) |
Basic logic. |
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12. |
Which of the following best describes "cherry picking"? |
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A) |
Unfairly selecting those facts that support one's conclusion. |
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B) |
Wishful thinking. |
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C) |
Appealing to tradition, argument from popularity. |
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D) |
Diverting an arguer by introducing an irrelevant topic. |
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13. |
An example of an unfounded claim that is not even considered an argument: |
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A) |
Circular reasoning. |
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B) |
Begging the question. |
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C) |
Argument from repetition. |
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D) |
All of the above. |
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14. |
In ________ arguments, if a premise is true the conclusion must be ________. |
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A) |
Deductive; true |
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B) |
Deductive; false |
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C) |
Inductive; valid |
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D) |
Inductive & Deductive; true |
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15. |
Arguments that violate the "If A, then B. A is true. Therefore B is true." form are called: |
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A) |
Formal logical errors. |
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B) |
Informal logical errors. |
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C) |
Formal illogical errors. |
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D) |
Informal illogical errors. |
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16. |
A logical error: |
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A) |
Affirms the consequent. |
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B) |
Affirms the antecedent. |
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C) |
Ignores the consequent. |
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D) |
Ignores the antecedent. |
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17. |
Which is NOT included in the deflection category of the Big Four informal logical fallicies? |
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A) |
Ad hominem. |
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B) |
Appeal to pity. |
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C) |
Red herring. |
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D) |
Poisoning the well. |
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18. |
What is the most popular form of Deflection argument? |
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A) |
Ad Hominem. |
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B) |
Poisoning the Well. |
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C) |
Red Herring. |
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D) |
All of the above. |
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19. |
What is the most popular form of Selection argument? |
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A) |
Cherry Picking |
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B) |
False Dilemma |
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C) |
False Equivalence |
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D) |
Straw Man Fallacy |
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20. |
What emotion is most often appealed to with arguments? |
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A) |
Pride. |
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B) |
Fear. |
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C) |
Pity. |
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D) |
Love. |
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21. |
Which of the following is not one of the Big Four Informal Logical Fallacies? |
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A) |
Ignorance. |
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B) |
Deflection. |
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C) |
Reflection. |
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D) |
Emotion. |
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E) |
Selection. |
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22. |
What is the strongest predictor of strength of one's belief in a paranormal claim? |
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A) |
Perceived media support. |
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B) |
Personal experience. |
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C) |
Argument from ignorance. |
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D) |
Perceived scientific evidence. |
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23. |
Which of the following is true about inductive arguments? |
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A) |
These arguments go from the general to the particular |
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B) |
As long as we accept the premises, there is absolutely no room for debate. |
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C) |
The conclusion restates or is a variant of the premise. |
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D) |
Conclusions are not absolutely true or valid, but simply strong or weak. |
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24. |
"Tu quoque" can also be known as? |
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A) |
Poisons the well. |
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B) |
Cherry picking. |
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C) |
Ad hominem argument. |
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D) |
Appeal to hypocrisy. |
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25. |
What are the two examples used to show Pretend Logic and Make-Believe Arguments? |
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A) |
Circular Reasoning and Premises. |
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B) |
Circular Reasoning and Argument from Repetition. |
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C) |
Deductive and Inductive. |
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D) |
Conclusion and Indicator words. |
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26. |
Which logical fallacy has to do with unfairly selecting those facts that support one's conclusion? |
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A) |
Cherry Picking. |
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B) |
False Dilemma. |
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C) |
False Equivalence. |
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D) |
Poisoning the well. |
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27. |
Poisoning the well is directly related to: |
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A) |
Argument from Ignorance. |
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B) |
Deflection. |
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C) |
Appeal to Emotion. |
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D) |
Oversimplification. |
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28. |
Straw man fallacy does NOT do which of the following? |
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A) |
Distorts an opponent's view. |
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B) |
Oversimplifies an opponent's view. |
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C) |
Acknowledges context. |
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D) |
Omission of key elements. |
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29. |
Together conclusions and premises comprise |
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A) |
A logical argument. |
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B) |
An idea. |
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C) |
A dispute. |
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D) |
All the above. |
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30. |
Pretend logic and make-believe arguments include: |
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A) |
Circular reasoning. |
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B) |
Argument from repetition. |
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C) |
Deductive reasoning. |
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D) |
Both (a) and (b). |
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31. |
The big four informal logical fallacies include: |
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A) |
Argument from science. |
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B) |
Appeal to facts. |
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C) |
Argument from ignorance. |
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D) |
Both (a) and (b). |
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32. |
Deductive arguments: |
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A) |
Go from the general to the particular. |
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B) |
Go from the particular to the general. |
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C) |
Are always a logical error. |
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D) |
Cannot be mistaken. |