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1. |
Why does cognitive dissonance occur? |
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A) |
It is how we resolve the discomfort of having two conflicting beliefs. |
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B) |
It is how we resolve the discomfort of holding two similar beliefs. |
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C) |
Because the mental system does not get enough stimuli. |
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D) |
All of the above. |
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2. |
Which of the following is not something that Nostradamus has been said to have predicted according to the book? |
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A) |
The Moon Landings. |
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B) |
Pearl Harbor. |
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C) |
The French Revolution. |
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D) |
The Rise of Hitler. |
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E) |
None of the above (all were said to have been predicted). |
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3. |
Which of the following is NOT another name for the Barnum Effect? |
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A) |
Transparency Illusion. |
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B) |
Forer Effect. |
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C) |
Subjective Validation. |
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D) |
Personal Validation Fallacy. |
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E) |
None of the above (all refer to the same phenomenon). |
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4. |
How many prophetic quatrains or four-line poems did Nostradamus create? |
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A) |
50 |
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B) |
100 |
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C) |
942 |
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D) |
10,000 |
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5. |
Seeing the Virgin Mary in a grilled cheese is an example of which perceptual error? |
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A) |
Pareidolia. |
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B) |
Patternicity. |
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C) |
Apophenia. |
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D) |
Perceptual constancy. |
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6. |
What type of psychic trick involves secretly obtaining information on the stranger ahead of time? |
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A) |
Cold reading. |
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B) |
Hot reading. |
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C) |
Multiple out. |
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D) |
Drop and return. |
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7. |
Perception is fundamentally ________ and ________. |
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A) |
biased; constructive |
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B) |
accurate; constructive |
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C) |
accurate; biased |
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D) |
constructive; selective |
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E) |
selective; biased |
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8. |
The tendency to rate a statement as personally accurate even though it could apply to nearly anyone is an example of: |
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A) |
The Barnum Effect. |
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B) |
The Forer Effect. |
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C) |
Personal Validation Fallacy. |
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D) |
Subjective Validation. |
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E) |
All of the above. |
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9. |
The Barnum effect may be enhanced by: |
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A) |
The Transparent Delusion. |
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B) |
The Transparency Illusion. |
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C) |
The Transparent Allusion. |
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D) |
Culture. |
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10. |
Confirmation bias is a special type of: |
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A) |
Selective thinking. |
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B) |
Barnum effect. |
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C) |
Denial. |
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D) |
Fallacy. |
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11. |
Which is NOT a technique for enhancing confirmation bias by Psychics? |
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A) |
Multiple Out. |
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B) |
Shotgunning. |
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C) |
Double-Headed Statement. |
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D) |
Shoehorning. |
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12. |
What is NOT a way for a psychic to deal with a "less than perfect reading"? |
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A) |
Divert Attention. |
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B) |
Shoehorning. |
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C) |
Turn misses into hits. |
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D) |
None of the above (all are used for dealing with imperfect readings). |
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13. |
The tendency to rate a statement as personally accurate even though it could apply to nearly anyone is known as: |
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A) |
the Barnum effect. |
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B) |
a confirmation bias. |
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C) |
perceptual constancy. |
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D) |
the ideomotor effect. |
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14. |
Which of the following is an example of the transparency illusion? |
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A) |
Believing that you did well on a test when you did not. |
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B) |
Believing that you truly did fool your parents when you lied about skipping school. |
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C) |
Believing that the interviewer can tell how nervous you are, even though you are trying to stay calm. |
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D) |
Believing that your boyfriend is cheating on you because you have a gut feeling. |
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15. |
What is the difference between a cold reading and a hot reading? |
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A) |
A cold reading is the observation or interpretation of a total stranger, while a hot reading involves obtaining information about the stranger ahead of time. |
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B) |
A hot reading is the observation or interpretation of a total stranger, while a cold reading involves obtaining information about the stranger ahead of time. |
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C) |
A cold reading is almost always more accurate than a hot reading. |
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D) |
A cold reading takes much more time and effort than a hot reading. |
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16. |
What is another difference between a hot reading and a cold reading? |
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A) |
A hot reading is done in a warm room, and a cold reading is done in a cold room. |
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B) |
A hot reading is done with no prior research, and a cold reading is done with prior research. |
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C) |
A hot reading is when the psychic is correct on predictions, and a cold reading is when a psychic was off on predictions. |
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D) |
A hot reading is done with prior research, and a cold reading is done without prior research. |
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17. |
Which of the following is NOT a technique psychics use to appear accurate? |
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A) |
Multiple out. |
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B) |
Shotgunning. |
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C) |
Double-headed statements. |
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D) |
None of the above (all are used to appear accurate). |
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18. |
Which of the following is when one makes a vague statement and uses the individual's response to gauge what elaborations to make? |
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A) |
Cold Reading. |
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B) |
Hot Reading. |
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C) |
Multiple Out. |
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D) |
Multiple In. |
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19. |
If you see a man's face on the moon, you are experiencing which phenomenon? |
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A) |
Pareidolia. |
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B) |
Drug-induced hallucination. |
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C) |
Telekinesis. |
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D) |
Visual Karma. |
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20. |
If your friend refuses to believe that the earth is round regardless of the many facts that you show them, they are experiencing: |
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A) |
Confirmation Bias. |
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B) |
Transparency Illusion. |
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C) |
Bias Blind Spot. |
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D) |
Denial. |
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21. |
Which of the following demonstrates the Barnum effect? |
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A) |
Psychic Readings. |
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B) |
Astrology. |
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C) |
Multiple Out. |
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D) |
All of the Above. |
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22. |
Pareidolia is: |
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A) |
the tendency to find patterns in meaningless noise/data. |
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B) |
a psychological disorder suffered by true believers. |
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C) |
a special type of psychic reading. |
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D) |
seeing recognizable forms in an ambiguous object/figure. |
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23. |
One of the techniques used by psychics to be more convincing is: |
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A) |
Multiple out. |
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B) |
Double-headed statement. |
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C) |
Shotgunning. |
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D) |
All the above. |
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24. |
"Sometimes you are very shy and other times you feel very extroverted" is an example of: |
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A) |
Drop and return. |
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B) |
Double-headed statement. |
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C) |
Reading body language. |
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D) |
None of the above. |