CHAPTER09-QUIZ

Directions:
Select the BEST response alternative for each of the questions below.

	1.	Why does cognitive dissonance occur?
		A)	It is how we resolve the discomfort of having two conflicting beliefs.
		B)	It is how we resolve the discomfort of holding two similar beliefs.
		C)	Because the mental system does not get enough stimuli.
		D)	All of the above.
	2.	Which of the following is not something that Nostradamus has been said to have predicted according to the book?
		A)	The Moon Landings.
		B)	Pearl Harbor.
		C)	The French Revolution.
		D)	The Rise of Hitler.
		E)	None of the above (all were said to have been predicted).
	3.	Which of the following is NOT another name for the Barnum Effect?
		A)	Transparency Illusion.
		B)	Forer Effect.
		C)	Subjective Validation.
		D)	Personal Validation Fallacy.
		E)	None of the above (all refer to the same phenomenon).
	4.	How many prophetic quatrains or four-line poems did Nostradamus create?
		A)	50
		B)	100
		C)	942
		D)	10,000
	5.	Seeing the Virgin Mary in a grilled cheese is an example of which perceptual error?
		A)	Pareidolia.
		B)	Patternicity.
		C)	Apophenia.
		D)	Perceptual constancy.
	6.	What type of psychic trick involves secretly obtaining information on the stranger ahead of time?
		A)	Cold reading.
		B)	Hot reading.
		C)	Multiple out.
		D)	Drop and return.
	7.	Perception is fundamentally ________ and ________.
		A)	biased; constructive
		B)	accurate; constructive
		C)	accurate; biased
		D)	constructive; selective
		E)	selective; biased
	8.	The tendency to rate a statement as personally accurate even though it could apply to nearly anyone is an example of:
		A)	The Barnum Effect.
		B)	The Forer Effect.
		C)	Personal Validation Fallacy.
		D)	Subjective Validation.
		E)	All of the above.
	9.	The Barnum effect may be enhanced by:
		A)	The Transparent Delusion.
		B)	The Transparency Illusion.
		C)	The Transparent Allusion.
		D)	Culture.
	10.	Confirmation bias is a special type of:
		A)	Selective thinking.
		B)	Barnum effect.
		C)	Denial.
		D)	Fallacy.
	11.	Which is NOT a technique for enhancing confirmation bias by Psychics?
		A)	Multiple Out.
		B)	Shotgunning.
		C)	Double-Headed Statement.
		D)	Shoehorning.
	12.	What is NOT a way for a psychic to deal with a "less than perfect reading"?
		A)	Divert Attention.
		B)	Shoehorning.
		C)	Turn misses into hits.
		D)	None of the above (all are used for dealing with imperfect readings).
	13.	The tendency to rate a statement as personally accurate even though it could apply to nearly anyone is known as:
		A)	the Barnum effect.
		B)	a confirmation bias.
		C)	perceptual constancy.
		D)	the ideomotor effect.
	14.	Which of the following is an example of the transparency illusion?
		A)	Believing that you did well on a test when you did not.
		B)	Believing that you truly did fool your parents when you lied about skipping school.
		C)	Believing that the interviewer can tell how nervous you are, even though you are trying to stay calm.
		D)	Believing that your boyfriend is cheating on you because you have a gut feeling.
	15.	What is the difference between a cold reading and a hot reading?
		A)	A cold reading is the observation or interpretation of a total stranger, while a hot reading involves obtaining information about the stranger ahead of time.
		B)	A hot reading is the observation or interpretation of a total stranger, while a cold reading involves obtaining information about the stranger ahead of time.
		C)	A cold reading is almost always more accurate than a hot reading.
		D)	A cold reading takes much more time and effort than a hot reading.
	16.	What is another difference between a hot reading and a cold reading?
		A)	A hot reading is done in a warm room, and a cold reading is done in a cold room.
		B)	A hot reading is done with no prior research, and a cold reading is done with prior research.
		C)	A hot reading is when the psychic is correct on predictions, and a cold reading is when a psychic was off on predictions.
		D)	A hot reading is done with prior research, and a cold reading is done without prior research.
	17.	Which of the following is NOT a technique psychics use to appear accurate?
		A)	Multiple out.
		B)	Shotgunning.
		C)	Double-headed statements.
		D)	None of the above (all are used to appear accurate).
	18.	Which of the following is when one makes a vague statement and uses the individual's response to gauge what elaborations to make?
		A)	Cold Reading.
		B)	Hot Reading.
		C)	Multiple Out.
		D)	Multiple In.
	19.	If you see a man's face on the moon, you are experiencing which phenomenon?
		A)	Pareidolia.
		B)	Drug-induced hallucination.
		C)	Telekinesis.
		D)	Visual Karma.
	20.	If your friend refuses to believe that the earth is round regardless of the many facts that you show them, they are experiencing:
		A)	Confirmation Bias.
		B)	Transparency Illusion.
		C)	Bias Blind Spot.
		D)	Denial.
	21.	Which of the following demonstrates the Barnum effect?
		A)	Psychic Readings.
		B)	Astrology.
		C)	Multiple Out.
		D)	All of the Above.
	22.	Pareidolia is:
		A)	the tendency to find patterns in meaningless noise/data.
		B)	a psychological disorder suffered by true believers.
		C)	a special type of psychic reading.
		D)	seeing recognizable forms in an ambiguous object/figure.
	23.	One of the techniques used by psychics to be more convincing is:
		A)	Multiple out.
		B)	Double-headed statement.
		C)	Shotgunning.
		D)	All the above.
	24.	"Sometimes you are very shy and other times you feel very extroverted" is an example of:
		A)	Drop and return.
		B)	Double-headed statement.
		C)	Reading body language.
		D)	None of the above.

Your score out of 100%: %

The correct answers are marked by a "C" in the box before each question. The incorrect questions are marked by an "X".