CHAPTER11-QUIZ

Directions:
Select the BEST response alternative for each of the questions below.

	1.	Which is a nonspecific effect?
		A)	Medicine makes you feel better.
		B)	Sleep and hope you feel better after.
		C)	Surgery to fix the problem.
		D)	Therapy to cope with loss.
	2.	What behaviors did Skinner's pigeon display in hopes of getting food?
		A)	Pecking.
		B)	Flapping their wings.
		C)	Turning their heads.
		D)	All of the above.
	3.	It is possible for people to show physical symptoms as a result of a placebo.
		A)	True.
		B)	False.
	4.	What is a nocebo?
		A)	A placebo accompanied by verbal suggestions of a negative effect.
		B)	A suggestion of a positive effect.
		C)	This is a synonym for a placebo.
	5.	When are placebos more likely to work?
		A)	When you don't except them to.
		B)	When you expect them to work.
		C)	When you don't want treatment.
	6.	A nocebo is a placebo that does not include expectation and suggestion.
		A)	True.
		B)	False.
	7.	B.F. Skinner suggested that which psychological treatment may explain why placebos are mistaken for actual treatment?
		A)	CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy).
		B)	Classical Conditioning.
		C)	Operant Conditioning.
		D)	Low intelligence.
	8.	What is one of, if not the most common, aggravating condition of illness?
		A)	Stress.
		B)	Diet.
		C)	Sleep.
		D)	Genetics.
	9.	Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of self-stressing?
		A)	Stressed breathing.
		B)	Stressed attention.
		C)	Stressed body focus.
		D)	Stressed emotion.
		E)	None of the above (all are forms of self stressing).
	10.	Spiking sugar pills with harmless substances designed to produce symptoms such as sweating to make the person believe that the "treatment" is working is called:
		A)	Nocebo.
		B)	Double-blind placebo.
		C)	Active placebo.
		D)	Specific placebo.
	11.	All placebos are:
		A)	Specific.
		B)	Nonspecific.
		C)	Unique.
		D)	Sugar Pills.
		E)	Uncharacterized.
	12.	According to Beecher, about ________ percent of the medical effect of a therapeutic intervention is attributable to the placebo effect.
		A)	5
		B)	33
		C)	66
		D)	99
	13.	Which of the following is NOT true about placebos?
		A)	Placebos are more effective if those giving them believe that they work.
		B)	Placebos do not produce side effects.
		C)	Placebos work based on the patient's expectation that they will work.
		D)	All placebos are nonspecific.
	14.	What are the three components of the placebo effect?
		A)	Active agent, expectation of effect, symptom reduction.
		B)	Inactive agent, expectation of effect, symptom reduction.
		C)	Inactive agent, symptom reduction, negative side effects.
		D)	Suggestion, expectation of effect, symptom reduction.
	15.	What did B.F. Skinner think explained the placebo effect?
		A)	Operant Conditioning.
		B)	Classical Conditioning.
		C)	Air Conditioning.
		D)	Shampoo and Conditioning.
	16.	The substance ________ is an opioid antagonist, which means it can block the effects of opiods.
		A)	Naloxone
		B)	Lecithin
		C)	Prozac
		D)	Zoloft
	17.	A reason patients may have appeared to improve includes ________, because they were never seriously ill to begin with.
		A)	Initial Misdiagnosis
		B)	Normal recovery pattern
		C)	Cyclical course
		D)	Repeated test taking
	18.	About ________ percent of athletes can recall a time that their performance was due to a placebo.
		A)	10
		B)	25
		C)	50
		D)	75
	19.	What type of experimental design is it in which the subject and the administrator do not know if the treatment is a placebo?
		A)	Blind.
		B)	Random.
		C)	Double-blind.
		D)	Double-Random.
		E)	All of the above.
	20.	What is it called when a problem "goes away on its own"?
		A)	Spontaneous Remission.
		B)	Sudden Recurrence.
		C)	Nocebo Effect.
		D)	Placebo Effect.
	21.	For a treatment to be considered a placebo there has to be:
		A)	an inactive agent.
		B)	an expectation of relief.
		C)	a drug of some kind.
		D)	Both (a) and (b).
	22.	Nonspecific effects with no agent include:
		A)	spontaneous remission.
		B)	stress.
		C)	the opioid system.
		D)	None of the above.

Your score out of 100%: %

The correct answers are marked by a "C" in the box before each question. The incorrect questions are marked by an "X".